The US political environment today looks eerily similar to the past. Along with other ethnic groups but in particularly singled out for Chinese, the systematic discrimination, isolation, persecution and even massacre of Chinese lasted at least more than a century from 1858-1967. Chinamen were forced to live apart, from American society and from their families and children at home.
The first significant Chinese immigration to America began with the California Gold Rush of 1848-1855 and continued with subsequent large labor projects, such as the building of the First Transcontinental Railroad. During the early stages of the gold rush, when surface gold was plentiful, the Chinese were tolerated, if not well received. As gold became harder to find and competition increased, animosity toward the Chinese and other foreigners increased. After being forcibly driven from the mines, most Chinese settled in enclaves in cities, mainly San Francisco, and took up low end wage labor such as restaurant and laundry work. With the post Civil War economy in decline by the 1870s, anti-Chinese animosity became politicized by labor leader Denis Kearney and his Workingman's Party as well as by California Governor John Bigler, both of whom blamed Chinese "coolies" for depressed wage levels...
In the early 1850s, there was resistance to the idea of excluding Chinese migrant workers from immigration, because they provided essential tax revenue which helped fill the fiscal gap of California. But toward the end of the decade, the financial situation improved and subsequently, attempts to legislate Chinese exclusion became successful on the state level.[3] In 1858, California Legislature passed a law that made it illegal for any person "of the Chinese or Mongolian races" to enter the state; however, this law was struck down by an unpublished opinion of the State Supreme Court in 1862... In 1879, California adopted a new Constitution, which explicitly authorized the state government to determine which individuals were allowed to reside in the state, and banned the Chinese from employment by corporations and state, county or municipal governments.[5] Once the Chinese Exclusion Act was finally passed in 1882, California went further by passing various laws that were later held to be unconstitutional...
Later, the Immigration Act of 1924 restricted immigration even further, excluding all classes of Chinese immigrants and extending restrictions to other Asian immigrant groups. Until these restrictions were relaxed in the middle of the twentieth century, Chinese immigrants were forced to live a life apart, and to build a society in which they could survive on their own (Chinatown).
Furthermore, the Chinese Exclusion Act did not address the problems that whites were facing; in fact, the Chinese were quickly and eagerly replaced by the Japanese, who assumed the role of the Chinese in society. Unlike the Chinese, some Japanese were even able to climb the rungs of society by setting up businesses or becoming truck farmers. However, the Japanese were later targeted in the National Origins Act of 1924, which banned immigration from east Asia entirely.
The Chinese Exclusion Act was repealed by the 1943 Magnuson Act, during a time when China had become an ally of the U.S. against Japan in World War II. The Magnuson Act permitted Chinese nationals already residing in the country to become naturalized citizens and stop hiding from the threat of deportation. It also allowed a national quota of 105 Chinese immigrants per year. Large scale Chinese immigration did not occur until the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. Despite the fact that the exclusion act was repealed in 1943, the law in California prohibiting Chinese people from marrying whites was not repealed until 1948. Other states had such laws until 1967, when the United States Supreme Court unanimously ruled in Loving v. Virginia that anti-miscegenation laws are unconstitutional.
Even today, although all its constituent sections have long been repealed, Chapter 7 of Title 8 of the United States Code is headed "Exclusion of Chinese." It is the only chapter of the 15 chapters in Title 8 (Aliens and Nationality) that is completely focused on a specific nationality or ethnic group.
On June 18, 2012, the United States House of Representatives passed a resolution introduced by Congresswoman Judy Chu, that formally expresses the regret of the House of Representatives for the Chinese Exclusion Act, which imposed almost total restrictions on Chinese immigration and naturalization and denied Chinese-Americans basic freedoms because of their ethnicity. The resolution had been approved by the U.S. Senate in October 2011.
The above text were take from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Exclusion_Act under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.
On May 6, 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act passed congress and was signed by President Chester A. Arthur. It is a big excitement. Pamphlets from "Democratic Coolly Central Committee" reads
HIP! HURRAH!
* CHINESE EXCLUDED *
*OUR DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENT*
* HORTON HOUSE PLAZA *
To-Night
COME OUT AND RATIFY
Come Everybody!
NO MORE CHINESE
A political cartoon from 1882, showing a Chinese man being barred entry to the "Golden Gate of Liberty" with caption, "We must draw the line somewhere, you know." Chinamen were not allowed in the "Free World" along with convicts and women “imported for the purposes of prostitution”. Also China women has a special treatment too "prohibition of immigration of Chinese prostitutes" separating from the rest of the world.
With the hidden agenda to force established Chinese to leave, U.S. officials in China screens Chinese women were so rigorously to hunt down "prostitution" suspects that there were only 136 women among the almost 40,000 Chinese who immigrated to US in the few months prior to the Chinese Exclusion Act.
Like Hitler's purge of Jews, Chinese are also subject to physical abuse, attacks and massacre. Even if they were not deported, they would have no rights in America. Similar situation happened in Canada.
In fact, the resentment in American Society to Chinese was only matched by the war against Red Indians or the genocide of Nazi Japan and Nazi Germany. Like the racists in American, Nazi were to teach "kids" the same hatred song and demonizing these "inferior" races.
At the creation of the world
The Lord God conceived the races:
Red Indians, Negroes, and Chinese,
And Jew, too, the rotten crew.
...
...
From the author: Even today my American-born kids would sometimes tell me, "No one like me in school. They don't have my color! Theirs are different". In this perceptual world of discrimination and hatred we have to tell them the story of Martin Luther King Jr. and Abraham Lincoln. Telling them that there has been more than a century of discrimination and resentment. Telling them that there are lies, sterotypes and uninformed people. Their identity is American Chinese. They are part of Asian American. They will choose their destination when they grow up. They will one day face down on their own, --prejudice can be in any race, country and groups.
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